اکیڈمی کے علم میں یہ بات آئی ہے کہ کچھ لوگ کاشان اکیڈمی کا نام استعمال کر کے لوگوں کو بے وقوف بنا رہے ہیں اور آن لائن اسائمنٹس کے کام کا لالچ دیکر ان سے پیسے لے کے فراڈ کر رہے ہیں تمام طلبہ اور ایسے تمام احباب کے علم میں یہ بات لائی جا رہی ہے کہ اکیڈمی کا ایسے کسی بھی شخص یا گروہ کوئی واسطہ نہیں ہے اس کے علاوہ کوئی بھی شخص اگر آپ کو یونیورسٹی یا کسی بھی ادارے کا نام لے کر آپ سے پیسے مانگیں یا آن لائن کام کرنے کا وعدے کرے تو ایسے کسی بھی شخص یا گروہ کی باتیں میں نہ آئیں یہ عاقبت نا اندیش لوگ حالات کے پیش نظر لوگوں کی مجبوری سے فائدہ اُ ٹھاتے ہیں آن لائن کام ایڈوانس وصول کرنے کا عمل سراسر دھوکہ اور فراڈ ہے ایسے لوگوں کے جھانسے میں نہ آئیں اور نہ ہی ایسے لوگوں کو ایڈوانس پیسے دیں کوئی بھی آن لائن کام وہی ہے موثر اور حقیقت پر مبنی ہے جس میں محنت تجربہ اور مکمل آگہی ہے ایسا کام جس میں آپ سے کام کے عوض پیسے نہ مانگے جائیں بلکہ آپ کو آپ کے محنت کا معاوضہ دیا جائے حقیقت میں صحیح ذریعہ معاش کہلاتا ہے ایڈوانس میں کسی کو بھی کوئی پیسے مت دیں اپنی صلاحیتوں پر بھروسہ رکھیں ڈیجیٹل مارکیٹنگ یا آن لائن بزنسز کے کورسز سیکھیں اور آن لائن کام کو سمجھ کر اس میں اپنی محنت اور کامیابی کو یقینی بنائیں
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Free AIOU BS International Relations Solved Assignments Autumn/Spring

If you’re enrolled in the BS International Relations degree at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), you’ll know how important it is to stay on top of semester-assignments. Our site offers free PDF downloads of BS International Relations solved assignments — designed for both Autumn & Spring semesters. With the keyphrase BS International Relations solved assignments and other courses like BS Pakistan Studies in AIOU built into this introduction, we are making it easy for you to find what you need. These resources are tailored to the AIOU IR curriculum and aimed to help you boost your grades, save time and learn effectively.

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9101-Introduction to History Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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9374-Pakistan Studies Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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9381-Writing (9381) BS PROGRAMME Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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9382-Writing (9381) BS PROGRAMME Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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9384-Applications of Information and Communication Technologies Functional English Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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9389-Applications of Information and Communication Technologies Functional English Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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9401-Islamyat Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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9410-Introduction to Sociology: Culture and Society Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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9424-Social Change and Social Institutions Solved assignments Autumn 2025

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بی ایس پروگرامز کے کورسز کی تعداد بہت زیادہ ہونے کی وجہ سے تمام مشقیں اپ لوڈ کرنا مشکل ہے اکیڈمی کی طرف سے ہر ممکن کوشش کی جاتی ہے کہ زیادہ سے زیادہ کوڈز اپ لوڈ کیے جائے پہلے سمسٹرز کے طلبہ کی حوصلہ افزائی کے لیے امتحانی مشقیں اپ لوڈ کی جاتی ہے باقی سمسٹر کے طلبہ امتحانی مشقوں کے لیے اکیڈمی کے نمبرز پر رابطہ کر سکتے ہیں

Why Choose Our BS International Relations Solved Assignments?

Here’s what you get when you use our resources:

  • 100% Free PDF downloads of solved assignments for the BS International Relations programme.
  • Assignments structured in the exact format used by AIOU’s LMS (Learning Management System) so submission is smooth.
  • Updated content aligned with the latest BS IR curriculum (for example the national curriculum for IR by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) applies). Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
  • Language that is simple, clear and tailored for IR students — we avoid heavy jargon to make the learning easier.
  • Solutions prepared by experienced tutors who understand the field of International Relations (politics, diplomacy, global affairs).
    These aren’t just answer-sheets; they’re learning tools that help you prepare for exams, quizzes, practical research tasks, and the real-world context of international relations studies.

How to Download

It’s quick and easy:

  1. Visit our “BS International Relations Assignments” page on SolvedAssignmentsAIOU.com.
  2. Choose the correct course code for your term (Autumn or Spring semester).
  3. Download the assignment in PDF format — no login required.
    All files are mobile-optimised and compressed for fast downloads even on slower connections.

Need LMS-Ready Typed Assignments?

If you’re submitting through the AIOU LMS portal and want fully typed, professional files, we also offer premium upgrade options:

  • Word (.docx) format files that are formatted for direct upload.
  • Affordable premium pricing (if you’re short on time or typing support).
  • 24-hour delivery service.
  • Grammar-checked, plagiarism-free, ready for submission.
    Perfect for students balancing work, family or limited access to typing tools.
AIOU BS International Relations solved assignments in PDF format for Autumn and Spring semesters.
Download AIOU BS International Relations solved assignments in PDF format for Autumn and Spring semesters.

Final Thoughts

Our mission is to support BS International Relations students at AIOU all across Pakistan. Whether you’re just starting your degree or nearing the final semesters, whether you study full-time or part-time, you can count on us for reliable and updated academic help. Unlock the power of BS International Relations solved assignments, boost your grades, save time and learn more effectively — all in one place.

AI-Driven Personalization & Large Language Models in Education: How Adaptive Learning is Evolving

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1. What is AI-Driven Personalization and Why It’s Changing Education

In today’s digital classrooms, AI-driven personalization & large language models in education are reshaping how students learn and how teachers teach. Schools and universities across the world are adopting AI technologies to create adaptive learning experiences — adjusting content, pacing, and feedback based on each student’s unique needs. With these intelligent systems, lessons can evolve in real time, offering personalized support for every learner.

Large language models (LLMs) — such as those behind chatbot tutors and smart feedback systems — are being integrated not just as tools for writing or student support, but for tutoring, content creation, language assistance and special-needs support. For example, a survey paper on LLMs in education underlines their ability to provide real-time, contextually relevant feedback, adapt to learning styles and generate customized materials. 

Why it matters: When education becomes more attuned to where a student is — their knowledge gaps, their pace, their language ability — learning becomes not just more efficient, but also more engaging. Also teachers can spend less time on “one size fits all” content and more time on the human-centred parts of teaching: mentoring, supporting thinking, fostering collaboration and creativity. At the same time, adaptive systems can help bridge learning gaps by meeting students where they are rather than expecting all to move at the same speed.

2. Real-World Uses, Benefits and Emerging Challenges

Real-world uses & benefits

In practice, AI-powered personalization and LLMs are being used in these ways:

  • Adaptive content delivery: Systems monitor student responses, pace, mistakes, and then adjust the next content module accordingly (faster for strong topics, slower or more support for weaker areas). ResearchGate
  • Tutoring and writing/feedback support: LLMs can act as virtual tutors, helping students with language difficulties, drafting ideas, polishing writing, solving problems, or generating practice questions. 
  • Automating repetitive or time-intensive tasks: Teachers can offload things like quiz creation, initial feedback, content repurposing, giving them more time for high-impact interactions. arXiv
  • Greater engagement & efficiency: Because content is tailored, students may feel more motivated (it feels “just right” for them), which can reduce wasted time and increase retention of learning.

Emerging challenges

Nevertheless, these advancements also present a number of important challenges:

Fairness and bias: AI systems are biased if their training data and system designs are biased. If we don’t pay attention to this, they can further entrench or create biases in decisions (for example, favouring students who had extra resources before). This was flagged among others in the survey on LLMs in education. arXiv

Privacy and access: While customised learning systems often need to collect data about how students learn, their mistakes, their pace, etc., data privacy and ethical use will be paramount. Moreover, if technology ultimately is not equally accessible, we are likely to perpetuate or exacerbate the digital divide.

Academic integrity: If LLMs can generate writing, make homework answers or provide assistance to a high degree, what impact will that have on cheating, plagiarism or simply relying on the AI too heavily for your own learning?

Quality and human-centred teaching: While AI can automate a lot of function and tasks, human teachers can’t be fully re-placed in the roles of mentorship, empathy, critical thinking, values and content expertise. Moreover, getting the AI to produce accurate, current and sound pedagogically content is no small task. The survey paper suggests that limited yields, transparency and technological readiness are genuine barriers. arXiv.

3. Towards a Thoughtful Implementation: What Schools and Universities Should Consider

To make the transition meaningful, institutions should focus on the following three core dimensions:

A. Start with the learner

When implementing adaptive-AI systems, begin by understanding your students: their backgrounds, learning styles, support needs, language challenges, and access to devices/internet. Personalisation only works when the system and teacher design are aligned to those realities.

B. Blend AI with human insight

Large language models and AI-based personalization in education are tools, not a replacement. Use tools to free up teacher time from repetitive tasks (like quiz creation, basic feedback), so the human teacher can focus on what humans do best and be interactive, mentoring students, critical thinking, student growth, and socio-emotional support.

C. Address ethics, access and integrity from day one

  • Develop transparent policies regarding data utilization, student privacy, algorithmic fairness, and the monitoring and review of the used AI systems.
  • Ensure equitable access is present so students from underserved backgrounds can utilize the tools instead of being excluded.
  • Integrate academic integrity safeguards so there are defendable guidelines to establish what is considered permissible, how to responsibly use AI tools in education, and how AI tools can be integrated into assessment design.
  • Evaluate the outcomes of your efforts by measuring not only student engagement but also learning outcomes, whether the personalized content of the AI tools is leading to meaningful learning results, and if any students are still not being engaged educationally.

By thoughtfully embracing AI-driven personalization & large language models in education, educators and institutions can open the door to more engaging, efficient and inclusive learning experiences. But the promise will only be fulfilled if implementation is grounded in human values, informed by ethics, and accessible to all.

HEC Extends Deadline for Commonwealth Scholarship 2025–26 Pakistan

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Introduction: A Second Chance to Apply

The Commonwealth Scholarship 2025–26 Pakistan program deadline has been officially extended by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), offering a valuable second chance to students from Pakistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir who aspire to study in the United Kingdom. Funded by the British Government and administered by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (CSC) in collaboration with HEC, this prestigious scholarship covers Master’s and PhD studies for exceptional Pakistani scholars. This year, 56 fully funded scholarships are available — 26 for Master’s and 30 for PhD candidates — opening doors to world-class education and international research opportunities.

What the Scholarship Offers & Who Can Apply

This scholarship program is funded by the UK government and administered jointly by HEC and the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission. The benefits are generous: full tuition fees, airfare, living allowances, research travel grants, and more for selected students. 

To be eligible, applicants must be Pakistani or AJK nationals, hold first division degrees (16 years education for Master’s, 17/18 years for PhD) and no second/third division in their terminal degree. Higher Education Commission+2Careers Help Desk+2 Dual nationals are not permitted, and the candidates may also need to demonstrate English proficiency. 

HEC encourages female participation and ensures a minimum 45% female nomination ratio. 

Tips to Maximize Your Chance & What’s New in the Extension

(a) Prepare Strong Documents

First of all your application should include transcripts, a research proposal (for PhD), letters of recommendation, and proof of English proficiency (IELTS/TOEFL or equivalent). Students awaiting final exam results may apply conditionally

(b) Use the Extended Time Wisely

And also with the extension in place, refine your study plan, polish your motivation letter, and secure strong referees. Double-check that you submit both your HEC and Commonwealth portal applications before the new deadline.

(c) Stay Updated & Follow HEC updates

for keep in touch yourself always refer to the HEC official website for the final, authoritative application dates and details. Avoid third-party misinformation.

Why the Extension Matters

Many eligible students may have missed earlier cutoffs; this extension provides a second chance. It also reflects HEC’s commitment to reaching more talented applicants across Pakistan and AJK.

Conclusion

The Commonwealth Scholarship 2025–26 Pakistan program is a golden opportunity for Pakistani and AJK students to pursue advanced degrees in the UK, fully funded. With HEC’s recent deadline extension, more students can now prepare and submit high-quality applications. If you meet the eligibility and are passionate about impactful research or studies abroad, don’t let this second chance slip by—start your application process now.

Understanding the English Linguistics Confusion in Pakistan’s HEC 2025 Rules

The New HEC Rule and the Rise of English Linguistics Confusion

In 2025, the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan imposed new frameworks on postgraduate degrees in English Studies, specifying only two degrees  English Literature and English Linguistics that universities are permitted to offer. While this may superficially appear to promote consistence, English Linguistics confusion is actually an unintended consequence of the policy. The policy creates confusion by consolidating and collapsing the disciplinary distinctions in the study of Applied Linguistics, TESOL, and English Language Teaching through a single label; all the attention for these areas is under the responsibility of English Linguistics. This is a dramatic change from the HEC national curriculum framework from 2017 which accounted and credit the disciplinary distinctions of Applied Linguistics and TESOL with distinct degree pathways creating a definitive English degree confusion and measurable course of studies and qualifications between postgraduate research and career pathways for students. The 2017 framework reflected a global model for postgraduate research study and was more transparent for the student and employers Linguistics vs Literature (beyond just the obvious implications of the qualification). Without the categorical distinctions of disciplines with the new framework, both, universities and their students are left interprelation the overlapping academic boundaries and meanings.

This issue has significance because, by definition, English Linguistics confers a limitation on inquiry to the English language alone. Linguistics, more generally, is a broader scientific enterprise in the study of human language, ranging from phonetics to language policy. Specifically, Applied Linguistics relates to teacher education, curriculum design, and multilingual education—all of which are key areas in the context of Pakistan’s language diversity. The new document relegates these areas into a more narrow category of English Linguistics and raises the question of definition of the field and the new policy’s capacity for addressing local and global needs.

Why This Change Risks Pakistan’s Academic Reputation

HEC English Studies 2025 belive that the uncertainty of English Linguistics extends beyond academia and meaning; it affects possible employment and recognition worldwide. Applied Linguistics in Pakistan or TESOL qualifications are sought after across universities and employers in countries like the UAE, China, Singapore, or parts of Europe. An English Linguistics degree may require further explanation or simply not qualify for various employment opportunities. In essence, Pakistani graduates may encounter challenges applying for international teaching jobs or doctoral programmes. The challenge is not that Pakistan is lacking talent or expertise; the challenge is that the name of the degree is not relevant to what the world is employing qualified applicants.

Even within Pakistan, the new framework complicates curriculum design. Courses like Advanced Research Methods in English Studies may serve literature students but not linguistics researchers who require tools like corpus analysis, phonetics, or data-driven methodologies. By merging these disciplines under one umbrella, HEC’s standardisation unintentionally weakens academic precision. Faculty trained in applied linguistics or TESOL find themselves boxed into a label that doesn’t reflect their expertise, while literature scholars are forced into frameworks that don’t fit their methods. Universities like Punjab, Karachi, and Peshawar still lean toward literature, but the demand for linguistics and applied linguistics is growing — both globally and locally. Private universities such as UCP, UMT, Riphah, Air University, and BNU have made significant strides by offering full-fledged programmes in these areas. The new HEC rule risks undermining that progress, making Pakistani degrees less visible on the international stage.

Towards Clarity, Recognition, and Global Alignment

The confusion surrounding English Linguistics should be seen not only as a policy flaw but as an opportunity to rethink how Pakistan defines and structures its English Studies. True academic growth comes from clarity, not conformity. Restoring separate degree titles for Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, and TESOL would help align Pakistan with global practices, where each field has its own identity, methods, and research scope. Internationally, institutions like Cambridge, Oxford, Harvard, and the University of Melbourne maintain distinct departments for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics — and even within South Asia, universities in India and Bangladesh follow this model. Pakistan’s universities should be empowered to do the same rather than being confined by an outdated umbrella of “English Studies.”

To improve Pakistan’s higher education sector, the policy makers need to appreciate that English Linguistics cannot stand for the entire breadth of linguistic scholarship. Students deserve degrees that accurately represent their education. Faculty deserve not to be mistaken for someone who just teaches English as a second language. Employers deserve to understand what expertise they are hiring when they recruit a graduate. The rest of the world has already differentiated both literature and education studies from linguistics; it is time for Pakistan to do so as well. The solution does not require the abandonment of a standard, but instead calls for reframing the way it has been administered to allow for reasonable addition, while maintaining clarity, international standards, and scholarship. Until that happens the muddle of English Linguistics will continue to cover up the real potential of Pakistan’s linguistics community, and limit the recognition our scholars earn the right to.

AIOU Result Meaning FER1, FER2 & FAIL Explained Clearly Detial

When checking their exam results, many students at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) often get confused by terms like FER1, FER2, or FAIL on their result card. Understanding the AIOU Result FER1 FER2 Meaning is very important for every student because it shows whether they have to reappear in the exam or retake the entire course. In this guide, we’ll explain what FER1, FER2, and FAIL mean in AIOU results, how to deal with them, and what steps you should take next.

AIOU Result FER1 FER2 Fail Meaning Explained 2025
AIOU Result FER1 FER2 Fail Meaning Explained 2025

What Does FER1 Mean in AIOU Results?

  • FER1 (Fail Exam Report 1) means that you failed your course paper for the first time.
  • If your AIOU result shows FER1, it indicates your first failed attempt in that subject.
  • You are eligible for a reappear opportunity, meaning you only need to retake the exam paper, not the entire course.

Action Required:

Register for reappear in the next semester to attempt the paper again.

What Does FER2 Mean in AIOU Results?

FER2 (Fail Exam Report 2) means that you have failed the same paper for the second time.

This is your second and last reappear opportunity.

You can reattempt the exam in the next semester, but if you fail again, the course will be considered completely failed.

Action Required:

Prepare thoroughly and ensure you pass the paper on your second attempt.

What Does “Fail” or “Zero (0)” Mean in AIOU Results?

If your AIOU transcript or result shows FAIL or 0 (Zero), it means you are completely failed in that subject.

This happens due to either:

  • You did not submit your assignments or workshop components, or
  • You used up both FER1 and FER2 chances but still couldn’t pass.

 Action Required:

You must re-enroll in the full course, including assignments, workshops, and the final exam.

Reappear (Re-Exam) Meaning in AIOU

The term Reappear means that the student is required to sit for the exam paper again, but does not need to repeat assignments (if already passed). This option helps you save time and continue progress without waiting for a full re-admission.

Important Student Advice

Many students contact AIOU or academies saying their paper went well or they submitted all assignments but still failed.
Do not apply for rechecking, as AIOU rechecking rarely changes results and may waste your time.
Instead, register immediately for reappear to avoid missing the next semester.

If your assignments are missing or marks are not updated, check your assignment result section on the official AIOU website to ensure your record is complete. For more guidance visit this link in our website and follow the instructions about assignments Fail issues.

Final Words

Understanding AIOU Result FER1 FER2 Meaning helps you take the right step after receiving your result.
Remember:

  • FER1 = First failure, first reappear chance
  • FER2 = Second failure, final reappear chance
  • Fail/Zero (0) = Complete failure, retake full course

Stay proactive and manage reappear registration on time to save your semester and progress smoothly.

AIOU Result FER1 FER2 Meaning explained for fail and reappear students
AIOU Result FER1 FER2 Meaning explained for fail and reappear students

PMDC Working Place Data: Why Pakistan’s Medical Council Is Collecting Doctors’ Workplace Information

1. Introduction: Why PMDC Is Requesting Workplace Data

In a recent public notice, the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) has asked all registered medical professionals to update their working place information — specifically their country, city, and hospital/college/institute (if not in private practice). This PMDC working place data initiative aims to build a comprehensive and current registry of doctors across Pakistan. In this article, we explore the reasons behind this data collection, how it may benefit the healthcare system, and what you should do as a medical professional to comply.

Using the focus keyphrase “PMDC working place data” early ensures readers and search engines understand the article’s theme.

2. Why the Data Matters: Benefits for Policy, Resources, and Emergencies

When doctors submit their PMDC working place data, PMDC can develop a clearer picture of where medical professionals are working — which provinces, cities, and facilities have more or fewer staff. That insight enables:

  • Improved resource utilization: The government and health authorities can allocate supplies, equipment, or training where it is needed most.
  • Better communication: PMDC or government bodies can communicate more effectively with doctors (for information purposes, alerts, training) knowing their location and facility.
  • Emergency response: In case of an epidemic, disaster or public health emergency, knowing where doctors are responding can facilitate response support more quickly.
  • Evidence-based policies: Knowing actual workplace data supports policy development for clinical education, facility expansion, norms for staffing, and regulation.

This is not a mere bureaucratic exercise — it’s a tool for strengthening healthcare governance and ensuring that medical professionals aren’t invisible in the system.

3. What You Should Do & What to Watch Out For

If you are a registered medical or dental professional, here are steps and cautions to keep in mind when updating your working place information:

PMDC working place data map of medical professionals in Pakistan
PMDC working place data map of medical professionals in Pakistan

a) How to Submit Your Data

  1. Visit the official PMDC portal (ensure it’s the verified domain).
  2. Log into your account (or create one if needed).
  3. Navigate to “Update Personal / Professional Information” or “Working Place Data” section (check PMDC’s public notice area). PMDC+1
  4. Enter your Country, City, and Name of Hospital/College/Institute (indicate “Not practicing” if you’re not currently in a facility).
  5. Double-check correctness and submit before any deadlines.

b) What to Watch Out For / Security Tips

  • Never share your username or password with anyone claiming to submit on your behalf.
  • PMDC will not contact you via WhatsApp or SMS asking for OTPs or login data – always verify communications via official email or their website.
  • Use secure passwords and change them periodically.
  • Verify that you are on the official domain (check URL, SSL lock).

By being cautious, you protect your credentials and help maintain the integrity of the system.

Sample Closing / Call to Action

Updating your PMDC working place data is a small step that carries big benefits — for yourself, for your province, and for Pakistan’s national health infrastructure. If you are a medical professional reading this, please take a few minutes to log into your PMDC portal and submit your current workplace information. Also, share this article with fellow colleagues to help spread awareness of this crucial initiative.

PMDC Tuition Fee Cap 2025-26: Rs 1.89 Million Limit

The PMDC tuition fee cap 2025-26 has officially set the maximum annual tuition fee for private medical and dental colleges in Pakistan at Rs 1.89 million. Announced by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC), this 5 percent increase from last year’s Rs 1.8 million limit aims to regulate rising education costs and protect students from excessive charges. The new medical college fee limit will apply for the 2025–26 academic session, with future adjustments linked to Pakistan’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation rate.

Background and Rationale

The decision emerges from growing complaints by parents and students about excessive and sometimes hidden charges in private medical education. In response, the Prime Minister’s Medical Education Committee recommended a structured fee regime. Under the PMDC Act 2022, institutions that violate the cap or advertise higher fees risk suspension of accreditation, ban on admissions, or legal measures under Section 33. 

Importantly, the regulation mandates that private medical and dental colleges display their approved fee schedules at least three months before admission starts—this transparency is in line with Section 20(7) of the Act.  From the 2026–27 session onward, further yearly fee adjustments will align with Pakistan’s Consumer Price Index (CPI), making increases more predictable. 

Implications and Challenges Ahead

For students and parents

The cap at Rs 1.89 million offers some relief from unpredictable surcharges, although many will still find it burdensome. The link to CPI from 2026 onwards means that inflationary pressures may still push fees upward over time, albeit within a regulated framework.

For private institutions

Colleges may feel constrained in revenue planning, especially if their operational costs (faculty salaries, infrastructure, labs, equipment) rise faster than CPI. They must carefully budget to maintain quality within the limit. Any non-compliance, even in advertising, invites strict penalties. 

Enforcement and transparency

The success of this policy depends heavily on enforcement. PMDC must monitor fee declarations and act on violations. Transparent public display of approved fee structures is critical, so that students can hold colleges accountable.

Conclusion: A Step Toward Fairer Medical Education

The tuition fee cap established by PMDC for 2025-26 is an important step towards regulation in Pakistan’s private medical education system. In capping the fees to Rs 1.89 million and setting future increases based on CPI, the policy aims to balance sustainability of institutions and student protection. However, it will be the actual implementation of the policy that determines its success, through a combination of enforcement, transparency, and institutional adherence.

As the new fee cap begins its first calendar year, the stakeholders to pay close attention to the policy are students, parents, colleges and regulators, to ensure that this policy is effective for its purpose.

Punjab Public Schools to Establish Anti-Harassment Committees

A New Directive to Protect Students’ Rights

In a landmark decision, the Punjab government has signed into policy that all public schools establish anti-harassment committees to ensure students experience a safe, inclusive and respectful learning environment. The initiative was announced by the School Education Department (SED) under the leadership of Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz, to coincide with the International Day of the Girl Child.

The policy—framed around the focal keyphrase “Punjab public schools anti-harassment committees”—aims to address all of the following: (1) harassment prevention; (2) protection of the student; (3) protection and promotion of equitable gender relations in education. By enacting this policy, the Punjab government continues to demonstrate safety and well-being for the student, affirming that every child is entitled to a quality education in an enforceable community of dignity and trust.

2. How the Anti-Harassment Committees Will Work

According to the official notification normally issued by the School Education Department (SED), each primary, elementary, secondary, and higher secondary school across Punjab must promptly establish an anti-harassment committee and so on.

Each committee will consist of:

  • The school head (chairperson)
  • At least three teachers, and
  • Mandatory female representation to ensure gender balance and sensitivity

These committees will operate within the framework of the Protection Against Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2010, which purposefully extends the same legal protections for working women to students.

The duties and responsibilities of these committees are:

  •  To receive and inquire about complaints in a confidential manner
  •  See that the complainants are supported during the inquiry process
  •  See that the inquiry is fair and impartial
  •  To maintain written records, and outcomes of the complaints
  •  To submit reports to the District Education Authorities (DEAs) periodically

This the committee structure creates a mechanism for addressing harassment that is confidential, accountable, and effective. Including women on the committees is not only important, but vital – because it provides empathy and a sense of fairness and trust in dealing with affairs that are so sensitive in nature.

3. Creating a Culture of Accountability and Respect

Opening the anti-harassment committees in Punjab public schools is not only a question of compliance, but rather an alteration of school culture. It represents a shift towards decent school governance, student agency and zero tolerance of harassment.

The publicized move conveys a clear message that harassment in schools will no longer be obfuscated. Harassment will now have to be dealt with through formal processes, trained committees, and a degree of accountability. In the wake of growing pains in implementing these protocols in schools, both teachers and students will learn what it means to be respectful, empathetic, and equal partners in educational institutions.

Over time, these committees will also help trust between students and administrations, with the latter taking incidents seriously enough to make the risk of reporting worthwhile to victims of harassment. The initiative also invites schools to start shame-free and judgment-free awareness sessions, training for teachers, and accessible reports.

Final Thoughts

This move by the Punjab entities is a significant step toward educational reform and student safety. Bringing anti-harassment committees into Punjab’s public schools opens doors for the rest of the provinces and sets tightly coupling educational values and safety. By establishing accountability, confidentiality, and respect in the school cultural frameworks helps to make way for better equitable and safer places of learning for all children in Punjab.

Pakistan Introduces New 10-Tier Grading System from 2026

1. A Major Shift: Why Pakistan Is Changing Its Grading Policy

The new grading system Pakistan 2026 marks a significant departure from the traditional marks-based evaluation. The Inter Board Coordination Commission (IBCC), the official forum of all education boards across Pakistan, has announced in a formal notification that a revised grading structure will be introduced in phases starting in 2026.

Importantly, this updated model excludes the GPA/CGPA component that had been part of earlier drafts. During the Karachi meeting of all board heads, many universities voiced hesitation in adopting GPA-based admissions immediately, so the boards agreed to delay GPA’s inclusion. The Express Tribune

By deferring GPA and focusing first on letter-grade classification, the authorities aim for a smoother transition. As IBCC’s Executive Director, Dr. Ghulam Ali Mallah, noted: “Universities are not yet ready to offer admissions based on the GPA system … so we begin without it.”

This move responds to concerns about harmonisation, fairness, and readiness at higher education institutions.

2. Understanding the New 10-Tier Grading Scale

The heart of the new grading system Pakistan 2026 lies in a more granular letter-grade structure, inspired by international models such as Cambridge assessments. Previously, marks from 80–100 % were lumped into a single “A1” grade. Now, that span will be subdivided into four elite categories: A++, A+, A, and B++. 

Here’s how the grading breakdown will work:

Marks (%) Letter Grade Descriptor / Category
96 – 100 A++ Extraordinary
91 – 95 A+ Exceptional
86 – 90 A Outstanding
81 – 85 B++ Excellent
76 – 80 B+ Very Good
71 – 75 B Good
61 – 70 C+ Fairly Good
51 – 60 C Above Average
40 – 50 D Emerging
Below 40 U (Ungraded) Unsatisfactory / Retake Needed

 

Students who receive a “U (Ungraded)” can make a claim in those subjects acceptable to other academic considerations.

Also, passing a subject will move up from 33% to 40% under this newly conceived system.

The aim is to provide more differentiating power at the top of the distribution and to minimize grade inflation.

New grading system Pakistan 2026
New grading system Pakistan 2026

3. Phased Development and What to Expect

To phase the new grading system Pakistan 2026 in is based on a true phased implementation process:

2026, Grades 9 (SSC-I) and 11 (HSSC-I) are directed to phase in the new system.

The Federal Board (FBISE) has also timed its schedule in this manner: the new grading system will be operational in 2026 matriculation exams and will transition to the new grading system in 2027 for intermediate (FA/FSc) exams.

To ease the workload at universities who may not be ready to assimilate GPA into their admission process, GPA/CGPA is also on hold. And this decision is justified. Again, institutions and systems’ infrastructure, rules, policies, will evolve to use GPA in the near future.

Critics and educationists are weighing in on this transition: while the broad-scale response has been favourable in terms of its transparency and differentiation, the other perspective is that raising the passing mark and phasing out GPA/CGPA can be challenging or perhaps create ambiguity in the immediate sense. But on the whole, a consensus emerged that Pakistan needed a new and globally comparable grading system.

Uncontrolled Fee Hikes by Islamabad Private Schools: Senate Demands Accountability

The uncontrolled fee hikes by private schools in Islamabad have sparked serious concern among parents and lawmakers alike. During a recent meeting, the Senate Standing Committee on Federal Education warned that these rising costs are violating PEIRA’s guidelines and placing an unfair financial burden on families. As education becomes increasingly expensive, stricter regulation is now being demanded to protect parents and ensure transparency in school fee policies.

The Regulatory Framework and Its Challenges

Under the PEIRA Fee Determination Policy, private schools in Islamabad are allowed to raise tuition fees by up to 5 percent annually, with a maximum of 8 percent reserved for high-performing institutions. The policy also explicitly prohibits institutions from forcing parents to purchase books or uniforms from specific vendors. 

However, enforcement has lagged. Several elite schools have reportedly imposed fee increases as high as 12 percent, violating the regulation.  Complaints from parents — including demands for advance payments, penal charges for late payment, and non-transparent fee structures — further underscore systemic weaknesses. 

A major hurdle is the weak oversight and complaint resolution mechanism. While PEIRA claims to act upon complaints, many cases remain unresolved or are settled in favor of schools despite clear contraventions. The News  Senate committee has also been alerted to internal conflicts within PEIRA, including allegations of dual salaries and misuse of authority, which undermine its legitimacy. 

Impacts, Demands, and Path Forward

Impact on Parents and Students

The implications of uncontrolled increases in fees are stark. Many families falling at the middle and lower middle incomes are increasingly challenged by rising school fees that pose a barrier to quality education. Working parents simply are unable to plan or budget when the school fee costs suddenly increase. Alternately, students may feel pressured to leave the school altogether, or may be forced to leave the school for another school.

Senate Committee Actions

In its recent meeting, chaired by Senator Bushra Anjum Butt, the Senate panel expressed urgent concern and demanded corrective action. It ordered schools charging fees of Rs 50,000 or more to revise their challans in line with PEIRA guidelines.  The committee also asked for updated lists of schools violating the fee caps and urged PEIRA to take strict enforcement action. 

What Needs to Be Done

In order to remediate the crisis, there are several actions that are necessary:

Strengthen Enforcement & Transparency

PEIRA must have ”teeth”. We must give PEIRA the ability to penalize, revoke licenses, or suspend practices for habitual offenders. All schedules of fees and rationales should be disclosed so the public can analyze them.

Strong Grievance Redressal

A justifiable grievance mechanism must be clearly defined, publicized and reasonably timed (what matters is that we institute a binding response time & sanction non-responsiveness) – an independent panel of review could ensure accountability.

Periodic Audits and Monitoring

The government should mandate the periodic oversight (audit), both financially and managerially of private schools (but particularly those charging higher fees). Whether the school can justify an increase in fees should be based on the size of the funding, infrastructure of the school, and student output.

Public education & empowering Parents

Parents need to familiarize themselves with their rights regarding the PEIRA policy. Parent bodies and civil society, and the media should document increases in fees and provide transparency if the school refuses to adhere.

Political Will & Legislative Clarity

We urge the government to support amendments (where necessary) to reinforce the ”mandate” of PEIRA (or whatever instrument is developed). These recommendations need to galvanize the Senate’s attention and news production towards a lasting reform in policy.

Conclusion

Unchecked and uncontrolled fee hikes by private schools erode trust, hurt families, and compromise educational equity. The recent Senate intervention signals a renewed push to hold institutions accountable. But true reform will require robust enforcement, transparency, and empowered stakeholders. Only then can we ensure that access to quality education is preserved — without unfair financial burden on families.